CHAPTER 2: INTERNET

The Internet -> worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

Evolution of the internet

The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:

- •Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together

- •Function even if part of thenetwork were disabled or destroyed by a disaster.

Connecting to the internet

Ø  With wired connections, a computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communications device

Ø  Computers without a communications device can use a wireless modem

Wired

ü  Cable Internet service

ü  DSL (digital subscriber line)

ü  Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)

Wireless

ü  Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

ü  Mobile broadband

ü  Fixed wireless

ü  Satellite Internet Service

²  An IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

²  A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to the IP address

²  A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

The World Wide Web

v  The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (webpages)

v  A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items

v  A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer

v  A browser is an application that enables users with an Internet connection to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device

v  A home page is the first page that a website displays

v  Desktop browsers typically support tabbed browsing

v  A webpage has a unique address called a web address or URL

v  There are thirteen types of Web sites

1.          Online social network

2.          Informational

3.          Media sharing and bookmarking sites

4.          News, weather, sports, and other mass media

5.          Educational

6.          Business, Governmental, and Organizational

7.          Blogs

8.          Wikis

9.          Health and Science

10.       Entertainment

11.       Financial

12.       Travel and Mapping

13.       Shopping and Auctions

14.       Careers and Employment

15.       E-Commerce

16.       Portals

Media on the web

Ø  A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information

Ø  Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF

Ø  Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence

Ø  Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

- Compressed to reduce file size

Ø  You listen to audio on your computer using a media player

Ø  Video consists of images displayed in motion

Ø  Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space

Ø  A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web browser

Other Internet Services

²  Email is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network

²  An email program allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete email messages

²  An email list is a group of email addresses used for mass distribution of a message

²  Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service

²  A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer or mobile device

²  A chat room is a website or application that permits users to chat with others who are online at the same time

²  A discussion forum is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject

² VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet (viber, whatapp, skype)

²  FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on the Internet

- many operating systems include FTP capabilities

- an FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files

using FTP

Netiquette

Ø  Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior